Speeches

Mr President, in the face of this new escalation, I would like to stress here today the importance of the European Union communicating its position effectively. The majority of the 141 countries that condemned the Russian aggression in the United Nations General Assembly in March must be maintained and that condemnation must also be translated into action. In fact, very few third countries still apply our sanctions and I am also concerned about the change in the direction of the vote of Brazil and Gabon in the recent vote in the Security Council (both abstained). Lavrov developed a broad diplomatic agenda also in Africa in these months. The president of the African Union recently called in Moscow for the lifting of European sanctions. A few days ago we saw Putin in Samarkand with the top leaders of India and China. Putin is not yet fully isolated. We need to step up our diplomatic offensive, in which the President of the European Council, for example, must be more involved. Ladies and gentlemen, this is no time for ambiguities or equidistances. This is a conflict between Russia and the international community. It is not a mere war between Europeans. Its scope is much greater. And the rest of the world, Commissioner, Vice-President, should be aware and act accordingly.

Madam President, I would like to focus my speech this afternoon on paragraph 87 of the resolution we are debating today. I refer to the inclusion, at the proposal of Panama, of all sharks of the tintorera or quenlla family in Appendix II of the CITES Convention, in order to hinder their commercialization. This issue has been very controversial in my country, Spain, and in my region, Galicia, where the inclusion of shortfin mako in CITES has already caused significant disruption to a sector of the fleet. I would like to recall that scientific advice does not advise the inclusion of the species of tintorera in Appendix II of CITES. Recent assessments suggest that tintorera stocks are not being overfished and that they remain above maximum sustainable yield. In addition, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations itself has pointed out that this shark species is not threatened and that it does not need greater trade control. It also warns that the inclusion of dry cleaners in CITES may have a worldwide socio-economic impact that has not been taken into account. When making decisions in the field of fisheries, we must be guided by science and socio-economic impact, not just by an essentially environmentalist vision. The European fisheries sector has been having a hard time for three years. The impact of cuts on waters and catches or quotas in UK waters after the Brexit, the COVID-19 epidemic, the severe impact of the very high fuel prices, which are essential for fishing, and now the ban on bottom fishing in 87 areas of the Atlantic Ocean. Difficulty in the marketing of dry cleaners would be another blow to a sector of the fleet. I would like the European Union not to continue to give the impression that it cares more about the welfare of fish than about the welfare and prosperity of fishermen.

Madam President, as we know, aquaculture has grown dramatically in other parts of the world in recent years, while European production is stagnating. Aquaculture in the European Union accounts for less than 2% of world production. Poor European production means that EU states have to import seafood, which does not always have our quality standards. As the report we are discussing today recalls, the European Union imports more than 70% of the seafood it consumes. An unacceptable balance in a continent so turned to the sea. And there are people in this house, in this Parliament, who are still determined to see these imports increase. I would like to congratulate the rapporteur, Clara Aguilera, on a report that correctly identifies the main problems and challenges facing European aquaculture, proposes solutions to address them, and rightly supports innovation and the cultivation of new species in aquaculture. The report also underlines the need for Member States to ensure legal certainty for investments in the sector. And I finish: as a Galician Member, I am particularly pleased that the report highlights the protected designation of origin ‘mejillón de Galicia’ as an example of quality.

Madam President, the oceans play an essential role in our well-being. Threats such as pollution or illegal fishing require concerted action by all States. I regret that the last round of negotiations on a high seas protection treaty was concluded without agreement. The sea is a great source of wealth and employment, as we well know in Spain and Galicia, the first fishing region in Europe. Ocean governance is not understood without sustainable fisheries management, both from an environmental, economic and social point of view and also from a food security point of view. That is why it is so disappointing that the European Commission recently adopted an implementing act banning bottom fishing in 87 areas of the Atlantic, without sufficient consultation and data. A measure that seriously affects four countries, especially Spain. Commissioner, rectifying is wise. Once again, I call on the European Commission to suspend the application of the veto to bottom fishing and review this hasty decision. The latest scientific advice and a comprehensive socio-economic impact assessment are needed.

Madam President, I would like to begin by congratulating the honourable Member López-Istúriz on his comprehensive report. The Southern Neighbourhood is strategic for the EU: Russia's war in Ukraine is very serious, but the European Union cannot forget what is happening in the southern neighbourhood, whose complex situation also affects us. That is why, as stated in this recommendation, we must first ensure that the so-called 'new Agenda for the Mediterranean' benefits from adequate funding, Commissioner. There is also a need to continue promoting trade relations and economic exchange with these countries and to make progress in negotiating free trade agreements or modernising existing ones to cover issues such as services, investment and sustainable development; however, these countries also have to do their part and respect and comply with existing agreements: I do not find it acceptable that a country such as Algeria has blocked trade relations with Spain, in breach of the Association Agreement with the EU: the Union must not look the other way, nor has the full normalisation of Morocco's relations with Spain been achieved. The European Union, in order to ensure its credibility as an effective global player, should also demonstrate its ability to influence our neighbourhood; I have to regret that the pronouncement of these countries regarding Russia's war has been quite disappointing: They have followed a line, I was going to say of indifference, of ambiguity, far from the clear condemnations we would like from these neighbouring countries.

Mr President, Commissioner, unfortunately one more year we have to regret the many forest fires that have ravaged Europe during the summer. For Spain, for Portugal, for other southern countries, this is a terrible threat that is aggravated by climate change. Fire does not understand borders and therefore it is necessary to increase coordination and work at European level. The capacities of the EU Civil Protection Mechanism should be strengthened and the purchase of more air assets should be financed: I welcome, Commissioner, what I have heard about air assets. My region, Galicia, prides itself on having one of the best fire-fighting services in the whole Union. Galician fire prevention and firefighting professionals have obtained great recognition for their work, both in Spain and in countries such as Portugal. The law of integral fight against forest fires of Galicia will consolidate this path of excellence in the defense of the forest. It is very important, Commissioner, that the comprehensive fire-fighting centre in the Orensian municipality of Toén, in Galicia, should become a veritable international forestry campus. This centre will undoubtedly be a training reference for firefighters across Europe and should therefore receive strong support from the European Commission and European funding as well.

Mr President, multilateralism and respect for international law are basic principles of the European Union's external action. Globalization and major challenges such as climate change, pandemics, terrorism, etc., require multilateral responses, not unilateral responses or impositions by major powers. Unfortunately, other actors favour unilateralism, the use of force and spheres of influence. We need to strengthen multilateralism and we need to strengthen the United Nations and the rule of law. The entire international community must actively reject Russian aggression. A line of indifference or neutrality is not possible in the face of the tragedy that is taking place in Ukraine. Russian aggression means dynamite the entire international order. It is not a mere conflict at the European regional level. A common response from all is needed against Russia's unacceptable, criminal and anachronistic behaviour. In such a complex, interdependent and polarised world, we need to move forward to make the European Union a global and effective actor. I also support the possibility for the Union to occupy a permanent seat on the Security Council in the context of a future consensual reform of this body.

Mr President, the Russian invasion of Ukraine has opened up a new geopolitical scenario. We are in a more complex security environment, where multipolarity could give way to increasing bipolarity in a context of rivalry and antagonism. In this context, the European Union must be an effective international actor, capable of defending its interests and values. We need a strong and determined foreign and security policy, including a defence policy. This key message is contained in the recommendation we are debating today. I congratulate the rapporteurs. Firstly, I believe that it is necessary to achieve the objectives set out in the Strategic Compass and to ensure close coordination between the European Union and NATO. Our Strategic Compass and the strategic concept that NATO will adopt at the next summit in Madrid must be well aligned. I would also like to highlight the following points in the resolution. The High Representative needs to deploy a diplomatic offensive in all states that abstained or voted against the UN resolutions on aggression against Ukraine. We must do pedagogy, get a response of unanimous condemnation from the international community. We also need greater international support for our sanctions against Russia. I found it very worrying that this weekend the president of the African Union called from Moscow for the lifting of sanctions on Russia. Finally, we insist on the establishment of a Council of Defence Ministers of the Union that meets on an institutionalised and regular basis. In the current situation, more than ever there is a need for permanent political dialogue to coordinate on foreign and defence policy with the United States. Had this dialogue existed, many of the disparities between intelligence analyses and assessments of these analyses in the face of Russia's invasion of Ukraine could have been avoided.

Mr President, I begin by congratulating Mr McAllister on his comprehensive report. The Indo-Pacific is a huge, densely inhabited region that occupies a central economic and political place in today's world. The European Union cannot be alien to what is happening in the Indo-Pacific, given our ties to this part of the world, whose stability, prosperity, security and connectivity have an impact on us. We are seeing how the Biden government is betting on relaunching its presence in the region through the so-called "Indo-Pacific economic framework", as is China, which these days is also trying to increase its influence through new initiatives in the Pacific islands. In the Indo-Pacific there are a number of like-minded countries that are very important to the European Union. I am thinking, for example, of South Korea, Australia or Japan, with which we have important economic and political ties. The region also includes countries such as China and India. At a time when all attention is focused on the war in Ukraine, I cannot but express my disappointment at the attitude of China and India and their abstention from the United Nations resolutions on Russian aggression. Russia's aggression against Ukraine is a very serious violation of the basic principles of international law. Countries such as China, a permanent member of the Security Council, a global power, or India cannot be indifferent: In this war, there can be no neutrality. As a Member of the Committee on Fisheries, I would like to stress that the Union needs to strengthen its cooperation with coastal countries in order to reduce illegal fishing and overfishing in the Indo-Pacific region.

Madam President, the situation in the Sahel is very worrying. It suffers from severe structural imbalances, as quoted by the Commissioner: political instability and democratic setbacks in recent months, precarious economic situation in a context of food crisis, vast territories lacking the most basic state structures, rise of diverse terrorist groups, explosive population growth... In recent times, only Mauritania has emerged unscathed from deep disruptions in government that have shaken the Sahel countries with the return of military juntas. In this regard, the situation in Mali is of great concern. I understand that under the current circumstances, including the Russian presence and the Wagner Group, some of our security and defence activities have had to be suspended. But the reassessment of our presence in Mali has to be accompanied by pragmatism and flexibility. We cannot totally abandon this key country and create a vacuum that would be filled by other actors, such as Russia. In addition, it is important to continue to assist the G5 Sahel group and to continue to coordinate with ECOWAS. The expansion of instability and jihadism to the south and west, affecting the countries of the Gulf of Guinea, is very worrying. In its waters, in addition, many illicit trafficking and also piracy intersect. The latter, fortunately, is declining thanks to the coordinated maritime presence of the European Union and its deterrent effect. We must continue to pay attention with a holistic approach to the countries bordering the Gulf of Guinea, which must become more involved in the fight against piracy. In that regard, there is a need for greater involvement by Nigeria, a key country in the area. I also welcome the appointment of a European Union Senior Coordinator for Maritime Safety in the Gulf of Guinea. Africa is a very relevant neighbouring continent for the Union. Yesterday, in this very Chamber, Prime Minister Draghi told us that the war in Ukraine and the energy crisis are bringing the strategic axis of the European Union to the south, to Africa. Within this vast continent, the Sahel and the countries of the Gulf of Guinea are very important countries and very close to the European Union. We can't abandon them.

Madam President, High Representative, the recent Summit with China took place at a special moment, critical for the international order due to Putin's aggression against Ukraine. China, a major global power, a permanent member of the Security Council, should actively contribute to the end of aggression and the restoration of peace. China has a capacity for dialogue with Putin and should influence a change of course. The Russian aggression against Ukraine is a very serious violation of international law, which affects everyone, harms everyone. China's unlimited cooperation with Russia two months ago can in no way mean providing weapons to Moscow or helping it evade sanctions. I welcome the clear passing of that message to the Chinese President at the Summit. This is no time for indifference or neutrality for the international community, let alone for a power like China, which must be aware of the negative impact this unjust war has on international stability and on the economy and prosperity of all. China's biggest trading partners are Europe and the United States. We are also the biggest investors. We have to be attentive to the behavior of the Chinese authorities at this critical hour. The United Nations Resolution of the General Assembly of March 1 is a clear expression of the rejection that the vast majority of the international community has expressed regarding the war unleashed by Putin. Only four countries supported Russia. China must contribute to peace. You can't stay out of it. It has to behave as a great power that contributes to the restoration of legality and not as a passive actor and, of course, not as the accomplice of an aggressor.

Madam President, thank you very much to the Commissioner, Mr Sinkevičius. Fishing has always been at the heart of the UK's relations with the rest of Europe. It was one of the key issues in the 2016 referendum on the and, in addition, access to waters and fisheries resources was revealed as the last stumbling block in the negotiations on the agreement with the European Union. Subsequently, the granting of licences and the fixing of fishing opportunities have unfortunately been fraught with problems. The United Kingdom and the European Union must henceforth strengthen their cooperation in order to avoid deepening this fisheries divorce. It's bad for both parties. Let us honour the agreement in good faith, in a constructive spirit. Let's not look for artificial divisions. As stated in the resolution that we will be voting on tomorrow, the dynamics of divergences in technical measures, which may hinder European fishing or lead to disguised restrictions, are worrying. I would like to congratulate the rapporteur, my friend Manuel Pizarro, for incorporating into his excellent report, which we are debating today, numerous recommendations to the Commission and the Member States, many of them put forward by my group, the EPP Group. I am particularly concerned about the uncertainty scenario that opens from 2026, when the so-called "adaptation period" ends. The European Union must ensure that the fisheries sector has a horizon of stability before it without further cuts. If this were not the case, fishing would be a major source of contention affecting the rest of the agreement. First of all, trade. I don't want anyone to be called a hoax. This Parliament will not allow fishing to be a bargaining chip in our relations, neither with the United Kingdom nor with any other country.

Madam President, our fisheries sector is currently facing a dramatic situation: fuel and logistics prices are skyrocketing and are preventing the fleet from going out to fish. The European Union must urgently adopt ambitious solutions to mitigate the economic impact on fisheries and aquaculture of the tragic war in Ukraine. The threshold for State aid, known as 'aid' de minimisIt should be increased to EUR 500 000 per vessel and the financing of the new European Maritime and Fisheries Fund should be mobilised as a matter of urgency to compensate operators. In addition, my group, the People's Party, has tabled an amendment to the motion for a resolution that we will vote on tomorrow to call for legislative reform so that this Fund can also provide emergency aid in times of crisis. On the other hand, in the face of a scenario of widespread stoppages, we should increase the year-on-year flexibility of fishing quotas to 25%. In any case, solutions should not come exclusively from Brussels. The governments of the Member States also have a responsibility to support the sea-industry chain at this very critical time.

Madam President, Mexico is experiencing a very worrying situation. The number of journalists killed is very high; Last one, last Friday. Moreover, the killings of journalists and human rights defenders also occur in a climate of impunity, as those responsible are rarely arrested and brought to justice. Let us add the very numerous cases of violence against women and the many crimes related to drug trafficking. Mexico suffers an average of ninety murders a day. The country is experiencing a real tsunami of violence and every week a journalist is being killed. There is a clear deterioration of the rule of law in Mexico. The populist government focuses on the personalist leadership of its president and not on the effective functioning of its institutions, especially those responsible for security and justice. There is no security for people, nor is there legal certainty for companies. This shortcoming is suffered, for example, by foreign investments in the electricity sector, including European companies. To govern is, above all, to guarantee the life, rights and freedoms of citizens, including, of course, those of journalists, who are indispensable professionals in a democracy. It is also a priority to seek and ensure the well-being and prosperity of citizens. However, in Mexico, the march of the economy is being very disappointing. There has not been the expected rebound in economic growth following the COVID crisis. The good governance of a country is not to deliver daily speeches that seek to polarize and regular indictment of sectors and institutions. Nor is governing stubborn in unearthing the distant colonial past or inventing external enemies with a spirit of confrontation. Mexico is a great country, an indispensable partner for the European Union in Latin America. It was the first state on the continent with which the European Union signed an Economic Partnership and Political Coordination Agreement. Twenty-five years ago, it was 1997. And since 2009 it is one of the so-called strategic partners of the European Union. Well, in this decade we should make a new leap in our relationship and launch as soon as possible the new Agreement concluded in 2020, which modernizes and expands the 97. It would provide a strong impetus for our economic and trade relations and also for political cooperation.

Madam President, with the Russian aggression against Ukraine, we are in a new geopolitical scenario: Putin's Russia chooses to openly become an enemy, ignores our values and unleashes a war. We have on our eastern borders a cruel adversary who ignores international law and even threatens the use of nuclear weapons. For the European Union, the elections I think are clear. In addition to the necessary solidarity with Ukraine and its citizens, we have three well-known priorities. First: seriously strengthening our foreign and defence policy – fortunately, we are already along those lines; second: diversifying our energy supply, i.e. drastically reducing our dependence on Putin’s Russia; thirdly, to strengthen our relations with the United States, with an administration, such as Biden's, which is much more sensitive and closer to European interests than the previous administration. The EU must also increase its ties with NATO and the like-minded countries in this multipolar world, although a possible rapprochement between Russia and China could make it evolve towards a bipolar order of authoritarianism versus democracy.

Madam President, first of all, I would like to send an emotional message of condolence and solidarity to the families of the many fishermen affected by the tragic shipwreck yesterday of the Galician vessel Villa de Pitanxo. Ladies and gentlemen, we have been in Europe for a few weeks now in a very serious situation, unprecedented, due to the enormous accumulation of Russian troops on the border with Ukraine. The European Union must maintain its position in favour of respect for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of this country. The Kremlin follows an anachronistic policy of strength, of zones of influence. It ignores the basic principles of international law and the agreements it signed. Unfortunately, Putin does not share our values and principles: an international order based on rules, multilateralism and the rule of law. The situation of threat and blackmail is already unacceptable, but we must continue the path of uncompromising diplomacy on key points. In recent hours it seems to begin a partial withdrawal of Russian troops and that Moscow would be inclined to dialogue. But it's too early for optimism. We must maintain a united front in the face of Putin's long-standing challenge. The European Union, including France and Germany, must coordinate its responses with the United States and NATO to ensure peace and respect for the basic rules of international law and the European security architecture.

Mr President, the European Union must be an effective international political actor, capable of defending its interests and values. To achieve this, we need a strong and determined foreign and security policy, including a defence policy. But this requires the political will and cohesion of the Member States. The soft power That's not enough. After the 90s of the last century, the Fukuyama dream ended, the reality of a multipolar world has been imposed, divided, now threatened, among other things, by Putin's irredentist unilateralism. Georgia, Libya, the Syrian war, the unstoppable rise of China, Crimea, the NATO summit in Cardiff, the Trump administration, the withdrawal from Afghanistan and now Ukraine are some recent sites in the evolution of the international community. The diagnosis, very clear. The external and defence dimension of the Union needs to be strengthened. This key message is found in the reports we are debating today. I congratulate the rapporteurs. I welcome Mr McAllister's inclusion of the creation of a Transatlantic Political Council for the coordination of foreign policy with the United States, an indispensable partner for Europeans. I also stress the priority accorded by the neighbourhood policy, where, in my opinion, the credibility of our external action is at stake. And I am also grateful that relations with Latin America feature prominently in Mr McAllister's report.

Madam President, Africa is very important for the Union, the stability and prosperity of this neighbouring continent, especially the countries of the southern Mediterranean and the Sahel, are essential for Europeans. Most African countries face the weakness of their institutions and the rule of law and the precariousness of their public services. Health, education, institutional strengthening and job creation for the many young people should be priorities of African rulers and also more prominent areas of our cooperation with them. European investment and the intensification of trade in goods and services with African countries must contribute to the continent's economic development and employment, and will also benefit Europe and the management of migration flows. Africa has to be at the centre of our attention. The upcoming EU-Africa Summit is a unique opportunity – as the High Representative said – to strengthen our relations while the Chinese presence continues to grow and Russian influence grows. Development requires security, overcoming conflicts and also the terrorist threat. The European Union must also contribute to achieving these objectives.

Madam President, Vice-President Dombrovskis, I would like to refer to the WTO negotiations on fisheries subsidies. The Geneva Agreement should be fair and protect the interests of the Union and its highly regulated and sustainable fishing fleet. From the Group of the People's Party, we ask the Commission to stand firm and defend the tax exemptions for fishery gas oil laid down in Directive 2003/96. The end of subsidised diesel would also be particularly detrimental to the small-scale fleet. I would like to point out that there is a very important sector of the fleet in Spain, my country, which operates in South Atlantic waters, close to the Falkland Islands. These waters are not covered by a regional fisheries management organisation, given the dispute between Argentina and the United Kingdom. I am very concerned that this circumstance, totally alien to the will of the fleet, will harm this fleet that operates in these waters and, in addition, does so in a regulated way and meets European standards. Vice-President Dombrovskis, we must protect the European fleet wherever it fishes. I ask you not to give in on this point. It's very important.

Mr President, Commissioner, first of all, I would like to congratulate Mrs Šojdrová on her comprehensive report. I will focus on the need to strengthen the teaching of European integration in schools. To this end, I find it particularly useful to include in secondary or baccalaureate education plans a specific subject on the European Union that covers the background, objectives and functioning of the EU institutions. The Council of May 2018 has already adopted recommendations along these lines, which I have been advocating for many years. In my country, Spain, there are regions where this European subject is already a reality. For example, in the Community of Madrid students have the option of taking a subject about the European Union in the third and / or fourth of the Compulsory Secondary Education. Also in Galicia, students can take a course on European values. To value something it is necessary to know it. For this reason, in order to give citizens a better understanding of the process of European integration, I believe that this subject should be incorporated into educational curricula. The Erasmus experience is very useful, but I believe that it is also necessary to encourage young people to have a better knowledge of the European Union and its institutions.

Madam President, the democratic transition in Tunisia is one of the few successes of the Arab Spring. It is also a neighbouring country, an advanced partner of the EU, but Tunisians in the last decade have prioritised political change and failed to carry out economic and social reforms: the economy and unemployment have only worsened in recent years, and Tunisia is now experiencing a serious political, economic and social crisis, with the discredit of political forces and many institutions. The European Union cannot ignore this neighbour. We are committed to the stability and freedom of Tunisians, but our democratic values include multipartyism and the division of powers - I do not know whether the High Representative listens or only to Mr Castaldo, who has already consumed his time. The solution to Tunisia's problems is not a reversal of the undemocratic formulas of the past; constitutional normality must be restored as soon as possible: the President and the new government must immediately launch a major inclusive dialogue with political and social forces and civil society to agree on a broad process of political, economic and social reforms. It's not just about politics, economic reform is also unpostponable. The European Union must accompany and support Tunisia, this important neighbouring country, in this ambitious process of change.

Mr President, I thank the rapporteur, Mr Picula, for his report. The relationship with the United States is the most important strategic partnership for the European Union, and we are at a very opportune time to strengthen it following the departure of President Trump. We now have in Washington an administration that is less nationalistic and more willing to collaborate with Europe. The United States remains the indispensable power, at least for the European Union, although since Obama a certain retreat in its foreign action and its prioritization of Asia is noticeable. I welcome the recent launch of the Trade and Technology Council, but I believe that a transatlantic political council is also essential to strengthen coordination on foreign and security policy. Recent developments, such as Afghanistan and the AUKUS agreement, testify to the need for better dialogue and consultation. We have tabled an amendment to this effect, number 9, which I hope the House will support, as it reflects its traditional position. We need new institutional mechanisms that allow us to avoid unilateralism and coordination failures. I believe that coordinated action by the European Union and the United States in defence of democracy, respect for human rights and the rule of law is particularly necessary in countries such as Venezuela and Nicaragua.

Mr President, the Brexit Adjustment Reserve has always seemed to me to be a useful instrument to support the fisheries sector. However, I find the final result disappointing, at least from a fisheries perspective as far as my country, Spain, is concerned. The allocation criteria for the 600 million of the Reserve allocated to the fisheries sector are inadequate. I regret that the amendments adopted by the Committee on Fisheries in this House, which proposed a fairer distribution key than the so-called 'dependence criterion', were ignored. Spain, which has the largest fleet in the European Union, will receive only 0.6% of the funds allocated for fishing, out of the 600 million allocated for fishing. It has also not been taken into account that, due to the Brexit, Svalbard's cod quota for the European Union has been greatly reduced and this is particularly detrimental to the Spanish fleet. Moreover, the Committee on Fisheries also called for more money and more time: to extend the validity of the Reserve until July 2026 and also to make use of the unspent funds of the previous European Maritime and Fisheries Fund. These demands have also not been reflected in the final text of the Regulation, which, as I say, is very insufficient as far as Spain is concerned.

Madam President, thank you to the rapporteur, Mr Kubilius, for his very detailed and ambitious report. Russia is usually in our debates. It is a neighbouring European country with which we have numerous links and is an important international player. Russia cannot be indifferent to us. But, unfortunately, our relations with Russia go through a very negative stage. The war in Georgia in 2008, the illegal annexation of Crimea in 2014 and the conflict in the eastern regions of Ukraine are the main cause, along with the authoritarian drift in Russian domestic politics. We are in a line of growing estrangement. Moscow has interests different from those of the European Union, often opposed, and a different view of the international order from a revisionist and anachronistic position. In addition, its interventionist attitude, helping and promoting destabilising manoeuvres in Member States, is very worrying. Recently, the media has revealed its connections with Catalan secessionists. I find it very difficult that the relationship with Russia, with Russia today, can improve. In terms of democratic values and principles, Putin also seeks to differentiate himself clearly from the European Union.

Madam President, among other lessons, the sad and unexpected events in Afghanistan highlight the need for the European Union to advance its foreign and particularly defence policy. We need more capacity for autonomous action. In light of the latest facts and statements, it is clear that the United States will limit its foreign military action. The context has changed: There is a withdrawal from the United States. We are in a globalized world, multipolar and also very conflictive. The European Union will need to project power abroad, also in those cases where the United States does not want or cannot. We must be aware of the many existing or potential conflicts, for example, in our own neighbourhood, both east and south. We cannot always depend on our allies. The sad events in Afghanistan must be a turning point that unlocks the necessary progress in foreign and defence policy. But for this to happen, it is imperative not only that the European institutions act, but also that all Member States - and I say 'all' - become aware that such progress is imperative.