Speeches

Mr President, our response to climate change is a magnifying glass for gender discrimination around the world, but also in our own institutions. Eighty per cent of the people displaced by climate change are women. Only 10% of the aid provided for local solutions goes to women, and only 0.2% of the funding goes to women—led organisations. While women are most affected by climate change, they receive the least support. And even though women prioritise climate action higher than men, they still do not sit at the key decision—making tables. In recent COPs women only received one quarter of the speaking time in plenary, and amongst the chief negotiators, women are largely absent, packed off into informal track-two workshops. So when it comes to climate change or climate action, we are doing the same old mistakes on resources and representation. I hope the upcoming UN Commission on the Status of Women is the moment to change that, because it needs to change profoundly.

Madam President, if we are serious about all these things that have been said today, about the promotion and protection of human rights, it’s actually human rights defenders who are our closest allies. They may not fight with weapons, they use the power of the word, they need a lot of persistence, but they are the only key we have to a sustainable change on the ground. And last year was clearly not a good year for them. The use of Pegasus and other spyware shakes the foundations of how they do their work and their networks. Afghanistan is just the most dramatic case of a global backlash on women’s rights and on political freedoms and many of us have lost friends and colleagues who were killed only because they protect and defend human rights. And we tend to move on, as if that’s a risk that comes with the job. It’s not. Being harassed, being kidnapped, being tortured, being killed because of doing human rights work is something we should never accept, and that’s the line we need to hold. So, in the year to come, I hope we manage to move up the protection of human rights defenders on our political priorities and we ourselves will be better allies to our allies on the ground.

Mr President, Chow Hang-tung was sentenced to 15 months’ prison in Hong Kong for organising an event to light candles on 4 June. Like her, so many activists and journalists fight to protect civil liberties in Hong Kong, but more and more of them end up in jail, they are being beaten up with no due process inside. So dear colleagues, what we have here – the freedom to raise our voice freely – is quite a privilege. I truly believe that this privilege comes with a responsibility: to use this voice to support and protect those who fight for democracy and freedom. Well, it’s not as easy as it is here. We need flexible visa schemes for these activists; we need to increase our pressure on China. But there’s one concrete thing we all need to do: as long as our democratic allies are in prison in Hong Kong, as long as Uyghurs keep disappearing in Xinjiang, and as long as people can’t even light candles in China, none of us should participate in a political show in which the Olympic flame is misused to cover up grave human rights abuses. Dear colleagues, I can’t go to China anyway, because I’m under sanctions. Others are as well. But it needs more; it needs a very clear political message: a joint European political boycott of these 2022 Olympic Winter Games, and, Mr Commissioner, we have two more weeks to work on that one.

Mr President, turning to my dear colleagues, especially those to my right, let me say I know it’s hard to be a man these days with all this uncertainty about what you can do, what you can say, where old school manners stop and harassment starts – but no need to panic; I’m going to womensplain a few things to you. One. Welcome to the club! Women have grown up policing their own behaviour for centuries – can I sit like this? Is my skirt too short? So what may feel like discrimination to you is actually just losing some privilege. Two. Sexual harassment, even if done unintentionally, is an abuse of power, so the powerful that we clearly are, we have to ask ourselves the question: do we want to use the power to intimidate and degrade, or to encourage and uplift those who do not have the privilege that we do? And three, as with all things in life, non-offensive behaviour can be learned. This is why this House offers anti-harassment training courses. This is why we should all do them mandatorily, including us as MEPs. I hope this was of some help.

Madam President, if private military and security companies behave like warlords, it’s time we treated them like warlords. The original job of these companies is actually to protect people and buildings, but what some do is smuggle arms, rape, torture, kill and do the dirty jobs for other governments. In return, they are allowed to use and to loot countries’ natural resources. The Wagner Group is present in this kind of business in half of Africa, rapidly expanding; new companies are mushrooming, and even private military and security companies (PMSCs) employed by Western governments have been involved in these kinds of crimes. So it’s time that we got this under control. We have to sanction – and very thoroughly sanction – these PMSCs, but also those who contract them, for being involved in these kinds of human rights abuses. We should no longer support governments that rely on the services of PMSCs that commit human rights violations. Finally, we need to work on a very solid international framework that focuses on the accountability of these organisations and clearly restricts the legal tasks in which they are allowed to be involved.

Madam President, Ahmed Mansoor is so many things: he’s a father of four, he’s a poet, he’s an Emirati engineer, he’s a husband. This sounds like a rich and fulfilled life. But Ahmed Mansoor is also a prisoner. He’s serving a 10 year prison sentence because he was running an opposition blog, calling for human rights and political reform. And he’s by far not the only one in the United Arab Emirates who is behind bars because of his peaceful political engagement. And it is by far not the first time that we are discussing this issue here in Parliament, that we call for the immediate and unconditional release of all those peaceful activists. But despite the many years of international calls for their release, the United Arab Emirates leadership has not moved an inch. Even worse, since the arrest, the second arrest, of Ahmed Mansoor in March 2017, he has been in solitary confinement. His wife has only been allowed to visit him a few times. This is unacceptable. In early October, I will nevertheless be going to Dubai to visit the Expo. I will be speaking for the European Parliament. I will be discussing the EU Green Deal, and how we can work together to stop the climate crisis. And as much as such an engagement and cooperation on the side of climate is necessary, we cannot and should never remain silent on the human rights issues. This is why, with the same visit, I have put in a request to visit Ahmed Mansoor and other political detainees in the UAE prisons. As much as the Expo 2020 is an opportunity for the government, the leadership of the United Arab Emirates, to present itself as an international host and actor, it should extend the same courtesy and hospitality to its own citizens, including those that dare to be critical.

Madam President, this is my phone. I take it everywhere, apparently. I do 1 000 things with it, to a degree that sometimes my husband is even jealous about the intimate relationship the two of us are having. But now imagine your biggest enemy sits in this phone. The person now wants to know everything about your contacts, the person now wants to see you dead, and there’s nothing you can do about it because you don’t even know it. And that is what Pegasus is about. It’s about deliberately targeting human rights defenders. It’s about deliberately targeting EU citizens. It’s maybe about deliberately targeting one of us because of the human rights work we do. This is a whole industry gone rogue, in a deadly alliance with the worst dictators of this world, making human rights work impossible. The Commissioner had many nice words and strategies. First of all, it’s about enforcement. Second, Commissioner, this whole thing has a foreign policy and human rights dimension you haven’t even spoken about. We need a global ban on the export of these kinds of spyware and we need to ask tough questions of other governments, including those in Israel and Saudi Arabia.

Madam President, we made mistakes in Afghanistan in the last 20 years, but what we are doing right now is much worse. Two weeks ago, it was our ministers of home affairs who met and they didn’t pledge a single, a single resettlement place because they were afraid of bad opinion polls back home. Bad opinion polls, while the women are marching in the streets of Afghanistan, although they know they will be beaten up by Taliban. While our local partners are stuck in refugee camps in Pakistan, although we promised them safe passage. What we are doing right now is betraying the foundations on which our foreign policy is based: the trust of our local partners and our commitment to human rights. But there is a chance to get things right. Commissioner Johansson announced another resettlement conference and we need pledges in the tens of thousands. So every one of you who spoke about the protection of human rights and of activists today: as you walk out this room, pick up your phones, call your colleagues in the governments and make sure there will be substantial pledges. This one, it’s not about political power games and party politics. This one, it’s about responsibility.

Mr President, Commissioner, dear colleagues, diplomatic engagement with Saudi Arabia is quite a tightrope walk. They have made progress on women’s rights and announced substantial legal reforms. That’s good news. But we also know that blatant human rights violations are still a reality. It’s a reality for most in prisons that their situation is very, very bleak and we describe it all in our resolution. But again, Saudi Arabia is a key regional player. We need to engage with Saudi Arabia, be it to improve security in the Middle East or to fight the climate crisis. Saudi Arabia made it quite clear they want to engage with us and we need and should engage with Saudi Arabia. But all of our actions need to be guided by three questions. How can we strengthen and support all those who want to change Saudi Arabia towards more human rights, more rule of law and eventually democracy? How can we contain and ostracise those responsible for human rights violations? And how can we make sure that European companies do not enable, or even worse, profit from the suffering of human rights defenders in Saudi Arabia? This is how we can have an impact as parliamentarians, as diplomats, as Team Europe, but often enough we are not using it. For many years, European companies have exported surveillance technology to Saudi Arabia that is used to track dissidents. Some Member States are still exporting arms to Saudi Arabia, despite the violations of humanitarian law that are committed with these weapons in Yemen. There are still no sanctions on those responsible for the murder of Jamal Khashoggi and political delegations shake hands and sign business deals without a word of support for those in prison. It is important to engage with Saudi Arabia and it is important to also name perpetrators, denounce oppressive structures and show solidarity with victims. We can do both. We should do both. And Charles Michel, I wish you a safe and successful trip to Saudi Arabia.

Madam President, dear colleagues, it has been quite a struggle, but now we have the EU global human rights sanctions regime. And you may have realised, especially with regards to China, it has created some effect and some impact. So I think it’s good that we finally debated it here in the European Parliament because it was actually the Parliament that initiated this mechanism. It is the Parliament that was mainly targeted by Chinese retaliation. And it’s the Parliament that we use to debate issues on human rights and EU foreign policy. So, Mr Logar, it may be the prerogative of the Council to decide on sanctions alone, but this is not how it should be. And this is part of our questions and our resolution as well, because at the moment we have an EU global human rights sanction regime where the European Parliament doesn’t have a say in it. So I think it’s good that, as a start, we agreed across all political parties that it’s time to establish a dedicated working group looking at the implementation of sanction regimes and making proposals for possible persons or organisations to be sanctioned. And I also call on the Council and Commission to reach out more strongly to civil society organisations, to journalists, to human rights defenders. They are our allies in the fight against human rights violations and I think they should also have a formal mechanism in which they can include their proposals, their ideas, their discussions into this mechanism, and not just random consultation whenever it pleases the Council and the Commission. That’s the second call. I think that is very important in our resolution. So after seven months of this mechanism, I think it’s good that we say congratulations, we have it and it has an impact. But I think now it’s time to join forces to make the best use of it. We here in the Parliament are ready. Civil society is ready and I have high trust in the Commission and the Council that they are equally willing to join forces with us to make the best use of this instrument.