Debate contributions by Henna VIRKKUNEN

Mr President, honourable Members, rapporteurs and shadows, thank you for all your work. And also thank you for this very timely debate. It very clearly shows a very strong commitment to deliver on European defence readiness by 2030, a commitment for Europe to step up, to invest in defence and also to be ready to defend itself. It is also good to hear your support for the EU‑wide military mobility area by 2027, to ensure a seamless movement of troops, equipment and military assets across the European Union. As we know, these are dual‑use projects, so it means that everyday these investments are also helping our citizens and creating a better single market. And let me assure you that in the Commission, we are now in full implementation mode to deliver on these objectives, and also with our clear milestone and flagship projects, we are reinforcing Europe's ability to deter and defend across land, air, sea, cyber and space, while contributing directly to NATO capability targets. But we need your support. We look forward to working very closely with this House to adopt the proposed legislation as soon as possible. You also play a very important key role in delivering on the next MFF, where we have proposed a fivefold increase in defence spending and also ten times more funding for military mobility projects. Honourable Members, to be ready by 2030, we need to move now, we need to move fast and we need to move together.

Mr President, honourable Members, I want to thank everybody who contributed to this discussion for your very valuable inputs. Why are we proposing this package? You are very well aware about the Draghi report and the innovation gap we are facing. We are very committed as a Commission to make Europe faster and easier and simpler for businesses, especially our start-ups and SMEs, to make sure that Europe is the place to innovate and invest and scale up businesses. But the discussion today also highlights the importance of maintaining a fair balance between practical action and protection of our safeguards here. I believe that this digital package strikes this right balance. I count on your support in advancing the proposed legislative files, the digital omnibus and the European business wallet as well. And I would also like to stress that this is the first set of urgent measures. These immediate actions are needed to bring a breath of fresh air to our businesses and the EU's competitiveness. But this is not the last step when we speak about simplification. In my confirmation hearing one year ago at the European Parliament, I already announced a digital fitness check for our entire digital rulebook, and we launched this process in the last week. Wide consultations are ongoing, so we are collecting feedback and input from our stakeholders as to how we can simplify our digital rulebook in the future. Together, let's make it easier to innovate and invest in Europe while staying true to our values.

Mr President, Honourable Members, last week, the Commission adopted the first digital simplification package. Our goal is very clear: making life easier for our companies – especially the smallest ones – and for consumers, while remaining true to our values and our high standards. In Europe, we have all it takes to succeed – we have talent, we have infrastructure, and we have a large single market where businesses should be able to scale up. But our companies, especially our start-ups and small businesses, are often held back. This package is our immediate answer to calls to reduce burdens and encourage innovation. We are doing so through three measures. Firstly, we presented the Data Union Strategy to fuel the digital economy, which is an essential resource, with-high quality data for our AI development. Secondly, the European Business Wallets offer an easy digital solution for businesses to interact with authorities and other businesses across our Europe. Finally, the Digital Omnibus simplifies our rules in the areas of artificial intelligence, cybersecurity and data. This does not mean we are in any way undermining our existing digital rulebook. We can be very proud of the rules we have, which were adopted together with this House during the last mandates. Let me underline that we remain very committed to the implementation and enforcement of these rules. The Digital Package firmly supports our high standards for privacy, fairness and security. EU regulation is a global trust mark for businesses that respect fundamental rights. This should not be a burden, but a competitive advantage for our companies. For this, we should get rid of regulatory clutter, where there is any, and we should instead focus on clear and predictable rules and solid enforcement. The Digital Package does this firstly by cutting unnecessary administrative costs for businesses by at least EUR 5 billion by 2029 through the Digital Omnibus, and by saving companies at least EUR 150 billion per year with our European Business Wallets. We cut bureaucratic obligations, in particular for SMEs and small mid-caps, and built digital solutions to cut all duplications in incident reporting. Then, on the AI Act, we made adjustments to ensure effective application. This is not about backing down from these rules, but making sure that the support tools, like standards, specifications and guidelines, are in place before high-risk rules apply. Finally, we are stimulating innovation. We propose targeted amendments to the GDPR that aim to facilitate compliance and support technological innovation in the EU, while continuing to ensure a high level of data protection. We are simplifying certain requirements, such as data breach notifications and information obligations, which will particularly help our SMEs. We are ensuring that AI development is encouraged in Europe and clearly framed by our rules. We are also clarifying rules in the context of recent judgments from the Court of Justice of the EU and opinions from the European Data Protection Board. These targeted amendments do not lower the level of data protection across the EU. They harmonise, simplify and clarify the application of our rules. In the Data Union Strategy, we are also proposing measures for scaling up the availability of high-quality data for AI development in the EU, and we are strengthening our approach to international data flows – stronger data sharing within the EU, while being more careful with data leakage of trade secrets to unsafe third countries. These measures should not only help our businesses, but also our consumers. We are finally now addressing the cookie banner fatigue. I think we can all agree that we have spent quite enough time accepting or rejecting cookies every time we visit a website, and at the same time, it is very important that users stay in control. Honourable Members, our proposal is a result of broad engagement with European businesses, including our SMEs, civil society and beyond. We all know very well that very big global companies can deal with administrative burden and fragmented markets; smaller businesses cannot. We are doing this package for Europe. I count on open discussion and cooperation with you to take this package forward so that we can encourage innovation in Europe, while always protecting our fundamental rights.

Madam President, Honourable Members, rapporteur and all the shadow rapporteurs, I want to thank you very much for your work. As President von der Leyen has repeatedly stated, the protection of minors online is an absolute priority for the Commission, and we know that this is also a high priority across our Member States, as well as in this House, as your report very clearly shows. Therefore, at the EU level, we have already taken many steps to protect and empower children and youth online. Because the online world is a part of our everyday life, and children have the right to take part in it safely – to safely seek information, learn and be connected to their peers, develop their digital skills and be engaged members of society. The Digital Services Act is our landmark legislation for protecting minors online. It is because of the DSA that the protection of minors was taken seriously by the online platforms. Immediately on day one, when the DSA was in place, the Commission asked for measures that online platforms have set to protect minors. Since then, we have strongly enforced the DSA. We have opened cases against four adult platforms, as well as against TikTok, Instagram and Facebook, focusing on age assurance and protecting minors from addiction and health risks. We also stopped the launch of TikTok Lite in the EU. The DSA minor protection guidelines we have now have also very clearly and concretely identified measures that the platforms need to take to protect children from online risks, such as grooming, harmful content, problematic and addictive behaviours, as well as cyberbullying and harmful commercial practices. It is very relevant that we now have these guidelines. It is very relevant for our DSA investigations, because now we have clear benchmarks to work with. The requests for information we recently sent to Snapchat, YouTube, Apple Store and Google Play show that we are already making concrete use of these guidelines. We also work with the national authorities to make sure that the smaller platforms also follow the guidelines as well. We have also published a blueprint now for an EU age verification app, and this is an open-source standard on how age verification can be done effectively and in full respect of privacy and data protection. This app is currently being tested by several Member States, platforms and end users as well, and it can set a global standard for age checks without requiring anyone to give their information to online platforms. The Audiovisual Media Services Directive is also key in protecting minors from harmful content. It applies to all the visual media service providers, including video sharing platforms. We are currently now evaluating the Directive and will update it in next year. We are also implementing the AI Act. It clearly prohibits AI that manipulates children or exploits their vulnerabilities in a harmful manner. It provides safeguards for high-risk AI systems and ensures transparency for AI interacting with people, including children. We have also proposed a regulation to prevent and combat child sexual abuse in order to better protect children from these horrible crimes. Also, the proposed revision of the Criminal Law Directive against child sexual abuse aims to combat new threats, such as AI-generated child sexual abuse material or paedophile manuals. The Terrorist Content Online regulation is another important tool for Member States to prevent children from being exposed to terrorist material online. Furthermore, to address the specific needs of children who are increasingly exposed to online requirements, radicalisation, grooming and child sexual abuse and other threats, we are now preparing an action plan on the protection of children against crime. Building on consultations with over 6 000 children, we will launch an action plan against cyberbullying early next year. This plan will present an EU-wide response to better prevent and act on this devastating threat. We will present a Digital Fairness Act to address remaining gaps in consumer protection in the digital environment, paying particular attention to children as young consumers, while ensuring alignment with our existing laws. Finally, let me recall that under the strategy for a Better Internet for Kids, we have for many years supported the incredible work of the national Safer Internet Centres with very concrete support for children and families all over the Member States. However, being frontrunners on protecting minors online does not mean that we should not do more. Our President has called for experts to advise her on the best approach for Europe with regards to possible social media restrictions. In this process, we will hear all perspectives, from children to parents, and international partners. All these listed measures show how the EU is at the forefront of securing children's well-being in the digital era. But we could not do this without your support. We will continue to work with this House to make sure that our children are safe and empowered online.

Mr President, honourable Members, special thanks to the rapporteur and to all other Members who have been working with this BEFIT file. We all agree on one thing in this very complex geopolitical environment: Europe must strengthen our competitiveness, productivity and economic resilience. BEFIT is an important instrument to achieve that. As we speak, multinational companies face a complex tax environment in the EU. Businesses operating in more than one Member State need to manage numerous different tax systems. In practice, they still face challenges of 27 tax systems, and this creates complexity and compliance costs. This complexity creates an uneven playing field and also increases tax uncertainty. It also discourages cross-border investments. On top of this, large companies face an additional layer of tax rules if they are subject to the Pillar Two directive and compute their minimum effective tax rate. BEFIT addresses these challenges. It will simplify the landscape, make life easier for companies active in the EU, and make the EU a more attractive place for doing business. First, BEFIT will provide companies that are in its scope with one single and simplified set of corporate taxation rules across the EU, replacing the Member States' rules for computing corporate tax base. Second, BEFIT contains streamlined and centralised procedures. At the same time, BEFIT builds on the Pillar Two legal framework, and factors in what is already in place for the global minimum tax, and it is designed to be as close to Pillar Two as possible. This will ensure that the compliance burden for companies is significantly reduced. Third, BEFIT does not overburden smaller companies or SME groups operating across several Member States. It will only be mandatory for large companies that are already in the scope of Pillar Two and indirectly familiar with it. Companies not in the scope can, under certain conditions, opt to apply BEFIT rules. This will allow them to spend less time dealing with different corporate tax systems. Honourable Members, the Commission conducted a comprehensive impact assessment report when preparing this BEFIT. The report concludes that there is significant potential for compliance cost savings for businesses up to 65 %. Having said this, the reality is that BEFIT is a unique tax system with no precedent, and data is limited, so it's hard to accurately estimate its possible impact. This is why Commission services encourage Member States and businesses to provide more granular data. Let me end by stressing once again the significance of BEFIT. It's an initial but important step towards a more integrated internal market, that makes it easier for companies to start, grow and also succeed in the EU. There will be a real long-term benefits, and it will make the EU a more attractive market to invest in. We want to make BEFIT a true success. The support from this House is key in this. Cutting red tape will be an important element of our success, so let's work together to make BEFIT a model for reducing unnecessary compliance costs and administrative burden for businesses. Let's also join forces to build momentum amongst Member States and businesses to make BEFIT a reality soon. We know that Member States are currently focusing their efforts to stabilise Pillar Two, and businesses are putting in significant efforts to be compliant with Pillar Two. We fully understand that they need time to carefully assess the rules and their impact, and we need to be patient, while at the same time keeping this file on the table at the Council.

Mr President, honourable Members, the Commission welcomes the agreement reached on the revision of the founding regulation for the European Maritime Safety Agency, which we expect to enter into force in January 2026. Special thanks to the rapporteur and everybody who has been working on this very important file. This is a significant step in making maritime transport across our Union safer, cleaner and more resilient, and it would not have been possible without a significant effort by the rapporteur and the entire negotiating team of this House. The text of the regulation to be voted on maintains the core ambition of the Commission's proposal. It ensures that EMSA is better equipped to support Member States and the Commission as we tackle current and emerging challenges. The revision of EMSA's mandate completes the maritime safety package. It complements the revised directives on port state control, ship-source pollution, flag state compliance and maritime accident investigations. It creates a coherent framework that strengthens safety and environmental protection at sea. EMSA's activities are at the very heart of what the Commission and Member States do on maritime safety. The agency provides economies of scale, also technical expertise and practical support where national administrations need it most. Crucially, the new text gives EMSA a future-proof framework. It addresses emerging tasks: from pollution prevention, crisis response and public health operations to support on zero-emission technologies and digitalisation. The mandate also sharpens our focus on environmental protection. EMSA will help implement FuelEU Maritime and the EU ETS for shipping. It will also improve our response to maritime pollution, work on ship recycling, and address sulphur and other harmful emissions. The revised regulation also recognises and reinforces EMSA's added value on training and capacity-building. The agency will support Member States both with new technologies and with accident investigations. This new report, together with greater focus on the EMSA Academy as a centre of excellence, will be decisive in building resilient maritime administrations across our Union. With new tasks come new resources. We welcome the increase in the personnel workforce over the coming years. EMSA must be operationally equipped to deliver on its mandate. At the same time, we must be frank. The delivery will require continued support under the next multiannual financial framework. On governance, the Commission notes changes reducing some elements on oversight that we considered important. The weakening of some of these safeguards is regrettable. In light of this, the Commission has issued a statement on the alert system on human resources and budget matters – which we would request be added to the verbatim record of tomorrow's voting session – and calls on the agency and its management board to engage in early and structured coordination on draft decisions. This is a constructive call to ensure good cooperation and administration, sound financial management and mutual trust. Overall, the message today is very positive. With the entry into force of this regulation, EMSA becomes more future-proof, agile and operational, and better equipped to keep our seas safe and clean. Europe's maritime safety is now more watertight. Thank you again to the Members of this House for your constructive role in this process.

Mr President, honourable Members, we welcome the European Parliament's very timely and comprehensive report on transnational repression against human rights defenders. Transnational repression is a growing and very deeply worrying phenomenon. It strikes at the very core of the international rules-based order and our EU values. And your report highlights these very alarming facts. Transnational repression is an assault on sovereignty, on human rights, accountability and justice. When authoritarian regimes extend their persecution beyond borders, they seek to silence not only individuals but also the very idea of freedom and civic space. The EU strongly condemns such actions. Transnational repression is not an isolated challenge, but it's a systemic one. It affects human rights defenders, but also journalists, lawyers and artists in exile. It calls for a coherent, transversal and global EU response. The EU is already taking steps in this direction: in our human rights and democracy action plan for 2020-2027, we have strengthened protection for human rights defenders worldwide, including those facing transnational threats. Since its inception in 2015, our human rights defenders mechanism has provided support to more than 85 000 defenders under attack, including transnational repression. Our EU delegations are stepping up their cooperation with Member States to identify, monitor and also respond to cross-border repression and also ensure protection to defenders threatened by it. We will continue to use all our tools to hold perpetrators accountable and to deter further abuses. The EU global human rights sanctions regime remains a powerful instrument in this regard. We are also stepping up our engagement in multilateral fora to address transnational repression at its roots. We are working with the UN, but also with regional organisations and with the G7. We support efforts to strengthen international norms and accountability mechanisms, including against the excessive use of Interpol, surveillance and tactics that criminalise activism abroad. In responding to transnational repression, we must confront its full scope – not only the physical threats, but also the digital dimension: spyware, online harassment, disinformation campaigns and cyberattacks that seek to silence voices of conscience must be stopped. Our approach must also be gender sensitive, as we know that women human rights defenders often face multiple risks. This requires targeted measures that protect their safety and uphold their role in advancing justice and human dignity. No one should be beyond the reach of protection, and no regime should be beyond the reach of accountability. Your report calls for clear definitions, data collection and reporting mechanisms. We stand ready to work with Member States, the Commission and this Parliament to develop a more systematic approach, including through the next EU action plan on human rights and democracy. We thank the European Parliament for its work on this very urgent issue, and for reinforcing the EU's leadership in defending human rights defenders everywhere. And just to add that just today we also presented the European democracy shield and the EU strategy for civil society. They reaffirm our commitment to protect journalists and media workers, as well as human rights defenders in the EU and also across the world, including those victims of transnational repression. Together, we must ensure that Europe remains a haven for freedom and a strong voice against repression, wherever it occurs.

Mr President, honourable Members, this is a very serious topic we are discussing and I want to thank all of you for your contributions. It is very clear that we need to address the increased flows of potentially non-compliant – often also very dangerous – e-commerce products we see on our markets. As you know, we have very clear rules in place, and now we have investigations going on against several online platforms, including several online marketplaces as well, and we are currently gathering evidence. Let me assure you that we continue to push for the robust enforcement of our toolbox for the safety of European consumers, and especially minors. It is clear that illegal products do not have a place in our markets, and we will continue to ensure adequate response and also compliance from these e-commerce platforms. We are also very committed to strengthening EU market surveillance, and we count on the support of national authorities and governments in this work. So I want to thank very much Parliament and all the Members for the work you have been doing on this very important topic.

Madam President, honourable Members, safe e-commerce for European citizens is one of the key priorities of this Commission, especially for vulnerable consumers, including minors. We are very closely monitoring the recent events concerning the sale of illegal products in France, such as child-pornography-related items and bladed weapons. We welcome the steps already taken by the French authorities in this regard. The Commission has always taken a firm position on non-compliant and dangerous products online, especially when concerning the safety of children. Our Digital Services Act case team is in contact with Shein. We understand that, as a reaction to the investigations by French authorities, the platform has suspended listings from all third-party sellers in France until further notice. In addition to measures addressing the risks of illegal products on Shein, the Commission is coordinating an enforcement action by national consumer authorities under the Consumer Protection Cooperation Regulation (CPC). The CPC action concerns several Shein marketing practices that the CPC networks preliminarily found to breach consumer law. This includes, for example, fake discounts, pressure selling, fake reviews, deceptive product labels, and hidden contact details. It is clear that all e-commerce platforms operating in the EU must comply with our rules and our level of consumer protection. Under the DSA, we have very clear rules in place. The DSA obliges platforms to assess and mitigate risks related to illegal content and products on their services, as well as risks related to the protection of minors. In June 2024 and February 2025, we sent requests for information to Shein concerning, amongst other things, the obligation to identify traders selling products on the platform, so-called 'know your business customer' rules, and the risks associated with illegal content. We have also opened formal proceedings against Temu and AliExpress in relation to suspected breaches of their obligations. Temu has been preliminarily found in breach of the obligation to properly assess the risks of illegal products disseminated on its marketplace. Similarly, AliExpress has been preliminarily found in breach of its obligation to assess and mitigate risks related to the dissemination of illegal products. Moreover, in February this year, we adopted the e-commerce communication, which outlines our existing toolbox and also adds new measures for safe, sustainable and fair e-commerce. We are now working at full speed to implement these measures, for example, we aim to swiftly conclude the negotiations on the EU customs reform. We know that e-commerce is a key part of this reform, as goods bought online account for over 97 % of all customs declarations. The customs reform aims to remove the customs duty exemption from goods below EUR 150, and to make online suppliers or platforms accountable for the financial and non-financial obligations related to the products they sell, and also to improve the cooperation between customs authorities and other authorities with new EU-level tools: the EU Customs Data Hub and the EU Customs Authority. In addition, this House and the Council are also negotiating the possibility of charging a fee to compensate for the services provided by customs in trading e-commerce parcels. Overall, we expect that this major customs reform will be adopted next year. Another measure is the priority control areas, which are under way. Here we are coordinating with customs authorities, market surveillance and other competent authorities to have specific coordinated customs controls. The focus is on products with significant safety hazards and risks of non-compliance, which are shipped directly to consumers. The evidence gathered can be used in our DSA investigations. We also have enforcement actions linked to product safety, including the completion of the first ever product safety sweep under the General Product Safety Regulation. Lastly, we are also integrating existing databases such as the EU Safety Gate or the DSA Transparency Database into an interoperable system to better track and detect non-compliant products. Finally, we also have our new EU Single Market strategy, which underlines the need for EU-level governance of market surveillance. The upcoming revision of the EU Market Surveillance Regulation as part of the European Product Act will be a good opportunity to address e-commerce imports. Now I very much look forward to hearing your views.

Mr President, honourable Members, thank you, all of you, for your contributions during this very important debate and for this opportunity to present developments in the rule of law situation in Malta, in the light of the 2025 rule of law report. I count on the Maltese authorities to continue with the reforms already underway and also to address our recommendations, and that they will launch reform processes on issues that still require a response. For our part, as we have said, we are fully prepared to support the Maltese authorities in the interests of its citizens. I would like to personally thank Maltese civil society, which has played a very crucial role in advancing policy changes since Daphne was assassinated eight years ago. Developments in the rule of law in Malta and in all Member States will be analysed as part of the new annual cycle, which will be launched very shortly leading up to the 2026 rule of law report. More generally, let me also flag two upcoming important initiatives: the European democracy shield will include actions to promote, protect and strengthen our democracies in the long run, and it will also be accompanied by the civil society strategy, recognising the key role of civil society organisations in promoting our European Union values.

Mr President, honourable Members, thank you for including in the Plenary agenda this debate to mark the eighth anniversary of the assassination of Maltese investigative journalist Daphne Caruana Galizia. The Commission has repeatedly condemned Daphne's murder, which was a horrible crime. Attacks on our journalists are attacks on press freedom and democracy itself. This eighth anniversary should serve as a stark reminder that protecting journalists' safety in the European Union and around the world needs to have all our attention. The Commission praises once more the courage of Daphne's family and Maltese civil society in fighting for the safety of journalists. We expect the Maltese authorities and courts to continue to do everything necessary to ensure that all those involved in this crime face justice. With regard to the rule of law situation in Malta, I would like to express our appreciation for the Maltese authorities for their spirit of cooperation with the Commission. The Rule of Law Report is the result of very broad engagement with national authorities and stakeholders, as well as civil society and other actors, including professional associations and journalists. It is rooted in dialogue and shared responsibility. The 2025 Rule of Law Report includes in-depth analysis of the main developments concerning the rule of law in Malta. Our conclusion is that Malta has taken steps to solve certain issues. However, additional efforts are needed. Regarding justice, the Report notes that discussions are ongoing in the parliament on a comprehensive constitutional reform relating to the justice sector. The reform would provide further involvement of the judiciary in the procedure for appointment of the Chief Justice, in line with our recommendations. However, the Report also highlights that despite substantial recruitment efforts and proposals to expand court premises, there are still concerns over the need to increase resources, the length of the proceedings and overall efficiency of justice. Efficiency of justice is crucial for ensuring that the rule of law is upheld and that citizens can trust the justice systems. Therefore, we have recommended to Malta to take steps to improve the efficiency of justice. As regards anti-corruption, the Report notes that the implementation of the National Anti-Fraud and Corruption Strategy continues. While new tools have been developed to reduce the length of investigations of high-level corruption cases, a robust track record of final judgments is still needed. Similarly, the capacity of the Permanent Commission Against Corruption to achieve concrete results needs to be improved. Moreover, more work is still needed to implement important anti-corruption recommendations issued following the public inquiry into the assassination of Daphne Caruana Galizia. These include, in particular, rules of lobbying, code of conduct and integrity measures of high-level politicians and officials. Malta has also been asked to improve the regime for the protection of whistleblowers, to actively encourage reporting persons to speak up and notify the authorities of potential corruption. In terms of transparency, only limited steps were taken to improve access to official documents. With regard to media freedom more generally, we are committed to strengthening the support to journalists and improving their protection against pressure and threats. In August, Malta adopted a legal notice which aims to align Maltese legislation with several aspects of the European Media Freedom Act. Now we are monitoring closely this and also other developments concerning the independence of public service media and transparency in state advertising. As to other institutional issues, reforms to establish the national human-rights institutions and to introduce a formal framework for public participation in the legislative process remain pending, although certain progress has been made on the latter. The Report stresses recommendations on these points. In conclusion, while Malta has made progress on certain issues, we continue to insist on the need to make further progress on the different pending issues highlighted in the recommendations of this year's Rule of Law Report. We stand ready to support these efforts. Honourable Members, crimes against our journalists anywhere in the world strike at the very heart of our freedom of expression and media freedom everywhere. On Thursday, 16 October, eight years to the day from Daphne's murder, Sigfrido Ranucci, an Italian journalist working for Rai, was targeted by a bomb placed under his car outside his family home. An investigation is ongoing into this matter. The Commission condemns the attack and expresses its solidarity with Mr Ranucci, his family and his colleagues. Let me add here that under the upcoming European Democracy Shield, we are looking at ways to further support our journalists and improve their protection against pressure and threats, building on the anti-SLAPPs package and the 2021 Commission recommendation on the safety of journalists.

Madam President, Council, honourable Members, thank you for this debate. I think it clearly shows how important our digital rules are to our citizens and to our businesses, and also to you. These rules are equally important to us at the European Commission, and we are fully committed to enforcing them. At the same time, we are also working with the digital simplification package, with the digital omnibus, but it does not mean that we are planning to somehow roll back or lower our standards. It is that we are looking at the overlapping parts of our rules. We want to simplify things, we want to cut red tape and administrative burden from our companies to make sure that when we have, at the same time, very clear rules when it comes to the digital environment, we also have rules which are all the time encouraging new innovations and investments. As President von der Leyen said in her State of the Union speech, it is the sovereign right of the EU and its Member States to apply our rules. We set our own standards to protect and empower our citizens and also to enable our businesses to thrive.

Mr President, honourable members, I remember very well when, in July 2022, this House approved two very groundbreaking laws; two laws that are crucial for our democracy and for our single market in the digital age – the Digital Services Act and the Digital Markets Act. Back then, this House confirmed both laws with an overwhelming majority, and in the Council both laws were agreed by all Member States. Over time, this House has also made very clear that it strongly supports the implementation of both laws. Today's discussion is a testament to that. European citizens and businesses have also signalled clearly that they want to see the DSA and DMA implemented effectively. Last month, President von der Leyen was crystal clear in her State of the Union speech here: when it comes to digital regulation, the EU sets its own standards and decides for itself. So, clearly, this Parliament, the Commission, our citizens and European businesses agree: we need the DSA and the DMA. We need the DSA because it protects our fundamental rights online, because it protects our children from online harm, because it protects our democratic processes, and because it protects us from illegal, unsafe and unsustainable products. The DMA is important because it opens the door to the next waves of innovation, it brings the power of choice back to consumers. The co-legislators gave the Commission a very strong mandate to enforce the DSA and DMA. Today, I can assure you that we are taking this duty very seriously. In April this year, we took the first two decisions under the DMA for Meta and Apple. We will not hesitate to take further action to ensure compliance. We also provided guidance to Apple to make interoperability a reality by the end of this year. Smartwatches, earbuds, speakers: no matter the brand everything will work seamlessly with your iPhones, just like Apple's own products. Under the DSA, we have already designated 25 platforms to whom we have addressed more than 150 requests for information, and we have opened proceedings in 14 cases, and have issued preliminary findings against providers of four very large online platforms. So workshops, roundtables, guidelines, work is ongoing all the time. We now have more than 250 staff enforcing DSM and DMA, and we are hiring 60 more to further strengthen our hard-working teams. We can already see many positive changes which have taken place thanks to these two laws. There is now much more transparency; thanks to the DSA, users can more easily exercise their rights. Many citizens have already used their right to complain when platforms are removing their content. As we can see on the DSA Transparency Database, social media platforms have reversed their removal decisions in 20–35% of those cases. So we have been empowering our users and citizens. Because of the DSA, users can also see now why content on online platforms is recommended to them and they can also opt out of personalised recommendations based on profiling. Under the DSA, we also, very recently in July, issued guidelines on the protection of minors. The scope and ambition of these guidelines are unparalleled globally, and now we are working with online platforms to make sure that they are changing their practices to also comply with these rules and following the guidelines, which very concretely state what kind of practices we are expecting from online platforms to make sure that our children have their safety, security and privacy ensured when they are using online services. Thanks to the DMA, Europeans can now choose the web browser they prefer and they also have better control over their own data. What is true for the DSA and DMA is also true for the application of our competition rules in the digital sphere. In September, we concluded that Google breached EU antitrust rules in the AdTech industry and fined it with EUR 2.95 billion. Google now has 60 days to present us with a viable solution. Structural remedies are likely to be the only way to cease Google's conflicts of interest in the industry on both sides of the Atlantic. We also received comprehensive commitments from Microsoft to address EU competition concerns relating to the Teams collaboration platform. This decision helps us to open crucial markets to competitors. Some of the very large online platforms and gatekeepers have called for the DSA and DMA to be repealed or reset. Some refer to non-existent free speech concerns to avoid respecting the DSA. Some pretend to speak on behalf of European consumers, arguing that the DMA is worsening their experience. Honourable members, you surely remember the similar strong lobbying when we – I was also a member of Parliament at that time – were shaping and adopting these two legislations. Some of the platforms and gatekeepers do not want to accept legislation that holds them accountable to their promises or legislation that opens up their walled gardens to offer opportunities for new innovators. Let me be clear: in Europe, we believe in the force of democratic rules, not in the rule of force. It is not up to the companies to decide whether to comply with our rules, and it is not up to them or the other countries to decide how we enforce our rules. Europe decides for itself.

Mr President, honourable Members, I want to thank you very much for your remarks. Let me underline again our commitment to wide multilateral solutions to the challenges brought by this digital world. We are fully committed to shaping values-based global digital governance and standards together with partners around the world. As stated in our international digital strategy, we need unified EU efforts to ensure that global digital governance supports our interests and values, and we count on your support in these efforts.

Mr President, honourable Members, on behalf of the European Commission, thank you for this opportunity to present to you our policy on the Internet Governance Forum and the importance we give to the Internet Governance Forum. My words today echo the joint declaration signed by myself and the delegation of the Members of this House at the Internet Governance Forum in June 2025 in Norway. We are also guided by the line that Council adopted in May 2025 as a preparation to the World Summit on the Information Society Plus 20 review. Internet governance is also a key element of our international digital strategy. Adopted in June 2025, it is a strategy based on competitiveness, security and partnerships fostering human-centric, value-based digital transformation. The World Summit on the Information Society Plus 20 review will be concluded in New York at the end of this year. It is a crucial opportunity to strengthen the principles of openness, decentralisation and human rights in global digital policy. It is an opportunity for Europe to show our leadership. As we move towards a more robust and resilient tech sovereignty built upon our shared European values, we need to defend the openness of the internet itself. This means that the technical layer – the protocols, standards and infrastructure that make the internet function – must remain open, interoperable and accessible to all. We need to ensure that our future internet benefits all and does not become fragmented or dominated by closed ecosystems. This is what is at stake at the World Summit on the Information Society Plus 20 negotiations. The Internet Governance Forum (IGF) is a key element in the global governance ecosystem. Established in 2006 by the UN Secretary-General, it is the cornerstone of multi-stakeholder internet governance. It is an inclusive space where governments, our civil society and technical communities, academia and the private sector come together to shape the digital future in a transparent and democratic way. The multi-stakeholder approach reflects our European values, such as openness, transparency, respect for human rights and inclusion. These values, reflected in our Declaration on Digital Rights and Principles, are also shared by others. We are working with the external services and with our delegations around the world to seek allies in defending them. We have many partners in Asia – also in Africa and Latin America – who want to work with us promoting the multi-stakeholder approach to internet governance. Together with our Member States, we strongly support the renewal and strengthening of the IGF. We believe that the IGF's mandate, as first established in 2005, is today as relevant as ever. Therefore, we strongly advocate for it to become a permanent body of the UN system beyond 2025, supported by sustainable funding and enhanced institutional capacities with the UN. But we also see the calls to reform the IGF: it needs to evolve to keep up with the digital revolution and the new demands brought by AI. Strengthening the Internet Governance Forum means reinforcing its impact and effectiveness. This includes integrating it more closely with the World Summit on the Information Society's outcomes, and to the implementation of the Global Digital Compact. This way, the IGF can fully play its role in shaping global digital governance frameworks, ensuring digital inclusion, resilience against digital threats, protecting human rights online, supporting also sustainable development goals and addressing emerging digital divides. To see the Internet Governance Forum as a central platform to counter challenges posed by fragmentation, misuse of digital tools or rapidly evolving technologies such as AI and immersive virtual worlds. The Internet Governance Forum can support inclusive discussions and develop innovative solutions to main internet interoperability and openness. It is very crucial to prevent fragmentation that threatens the basis of global connectivity. Honourable Members, countries around the world are looking at us. The EU must not only participate in these global governance dialogues, but actively lead them. We have a very unique position as a global actor committed to openness, interoperability, privacy and digital rights to ensure that the internet evolves in line with the democratic principles and human-centric values. Our international digital strategy – focusing on global partnerships and global digital governance – clearly shows our commitment to the multilateral and multi-stakeholder approach. We want to be the driving force of responsible, guided technological advancement on the global stage. Honourable Members, I warmly welcome Parliament's very strong involvement in our Internet Governance Forum activities. Your continuous engagement strengthens our Europe's voice globally, and underlines the unity and will of the EU institutions to defend open and rights-respecting internet. A strong IGF means stronger global governance, greater digital sovereignty and better protection of fundamental freedoms online. And this is why we aimed at renewing and enhancing the Internet Governance Forum's mandate and should convince our partners around the globe to share this goal. Now we are moving to the next phase of the negotiations towards the World Summit on the Information Society Plus 20 review, and we count here on your support. Together, let us ensure that the internet remains a global resource that empowers everybody – free, open, interoperable, safe, resilient and governed by all.

Mr President, honourable Members, thank you very much for this very topical debate; it clearly shows the complex nature of the illegal use of spyware we are facing. Let me state again that the Commission's view is very clear here: any attempt to illegally access data of citizens, including journalists and political opponents, is unacceptable. We are determined to protect the fundamental rights of our citizens to privacy, data protection and security. We already have many rules in place: we have data protection rules, we have the ePrivacy directive and, just recently, we have adopted the Media Freedom Act, that comes into force in August, and also the Cyber Resilience Act. So we have already many, many rules in place. But I very much agree with you that when we look at the security environment where we are, the attacks against our democracies and also the very fast development of different technologies, I see that it is also important to see that further work in this field is needed. I am very grateful for the support from Parliament.

Mr President, honourable Members, thank you for putting this very crucial issue on the plenary agenda. The Commission strongly condemns any illegal access to interpersonal communications and other data stored on user devices. Any illegal access to the data of our citizens, including journalists and political opponents, is unacceptable. It undermines our core European values, such as the fundamental rights to privacy and data protection. The Commission has been looking at the illegal use of spyware from various angles of the EU law. It is important to address spyware in a holistic way because it poses challenges in many ways. First, in terms of rule of law and fundamental rights, but also data protection, media freedom, trade, cybersecurity, foreign interference and manipulation of information. Some of these issues have already been addressed through legislation adopted by the Parliament and the Council. Others are addressed through non‑legislative tools. So what other existing measures do we have? First, our data protection rules. They are very clear. They ensure that personal data is processed lawfully, fairly and in a transparent manner. They also limit personal data collection for specified, explicit and legitimate purposes. Second, the European Media Freedom Act is another important part of our legal framework. It includes safeguards to protect journalists' sources and conventional communications against the illegal use of spyware. These rules on media freedom will enter into application this August. They also include a general prohibition for intrusive surveillance software in devices used by media service providers, including journalists and related persons. We are currently working with Member States to ensure proper implementation of this and other provisions. And third, in addition, we continue to report – when appropriate – on the issue of spyware, also in the annual Rule of Law report from the perspective of checks and balances and the protection of journalists. In addition, the ePrivacy Directive prohibits the interception of communications as well as the access to and storage of information on user devices without their consent. Moreover, there is the Cyber Resilience Act, which sets cybersecurity requirements for hardware and software placed on the EU market. It introduces obligations for manufacturers, which will help to reduce system vulnerabilities often exploited by spyware. It's also important to note that the investigations into the earliest misuse of spyware are a matter for national authorities, not for the Commission. And we expect, of course, national authorities to examine to the core any spyware allegations. We have also been following with the European External Action Service the Pall Mall Process. This is an international initiative addressing various aspects related to the use of commercial cyber intrusion capabilities. We see this as a very important initiative, the first of its kind at international level and with a very broad scope. Many Member States have already committed to the Pall Mall Process. We are now carefully also exploring options for any further action to decide on the most appropriate way forward. It's important to underline that we must, however, clearly separate the illegal use of spyware from the lawful access to data for law enforcement authorities. When law enforcement authorities use spyware for their purposes, the Law Enforcement Directive applies. We must also acknowledge matters of national security, which are the responsibility of the Member States. However, in line with the case law of the Court of Justice, it is not possible for Member States to invoke national security in a general way. Member States must be able to demonstrate that national security would be compromised in the specific circumstances. Furthermore, the legal use of spyware is only acceptable if it is non-discriminatory, justified by an overriding reason of public interest, proportionate and also in compliance with legal certainty and also our Charter of Fundamental Rights. And we expect, of course, national authorities to examine any allegations of illegal use of spyware as this is their responsibility. So, honourable Members, the Commission and the co-legislators have in recent years addressed the multiple issues of spyware. This Parliament has played a key role in this process. The issue remains complex and further work is needed here, also in view of the changing security landscape and also the emergence of new technologies. The recommendations of the European Parliament's PEGA Committee have been very helpful to guide this work. I can assure you that the Commission is determined to protect the fundamental rights of our citizens to privacy, data protection and security.

Mr President, honourable Members, thank you very much for this debate. Commissioner Brunner and I have been listening very carefully to what you all have said here, and I think it's very encouraging to hear that in this House, there seems to be broad agreement that we need a change in our approach to security. And this is also, as we know, something that EU citizens also expect from us. According to the latest Eurobarometer, 64 % of EU citizens expressed concerns about the EU's security. Europe has long been a beacon of freedom, security and prosperity, grounded in the rule of law, democracy and shared values. But in today's rapidly evolving world, our security landscape has changed. The threats we are facing today, they are larger, they are more global and also increasingly they are online – ranging from organised crime and terrorism to hybrid threats fuelled with disinformation, fear and sabotage to our critical infrastructures. So, it is clear that no Member State can tackle these threats alone. We need a bold, proactive and also coordinated European response. The European internal security strategy is this response, together with the white paper on the future of defence and the preparedness Union strategy. We are now setting together the vision for a safe, secure and more resilient European Union. Security is also a precondition for our democracy. Our security will be further strengthened by the upcoming Democracy Shield, which will also lay out a comprehensive framework to protect and promote democracy in the European Union. We do not start from scratch. Our work will build on the existing vast European internal security architecture with many achievements already in place. We will reinforce partnership with the third countries contributing to global security. We will also make the EU more secure by reinforcing our capabilities, leveraging technology, enhancing cyber security and combating security threats decisively. I cannot stress enough the online dimension of security: combating hateful, criminal and radical online content is a top priority for us. So is ensuring lawful access to data, while preserving privacy and cybersecurity. Here, I want to underline especially the need to protect our children online. We need a new legal framework on protecting children from sexual abuse online. I count on the co-legislators to advance the negotiations here very swiftly, and we will put forward also new initiatives to protect children from radicalisation, online recruitment of gangs and cyber bullying and other serious threats. Resilience is at the heart of all our security measures. We need a change of mindset towards a whole-of-society approach where each citizen, civil society, businesses and academia feel engaged and empowered. As President Niinistö said in his report, security is a public good. We all need to protect it together.

Mr President, honourable Members, I want to thank you very much for your very valuable comments and remarks. It's clear that bold and swift collective action is needed for our security, for our economy, and also our way of life. The proposals the Commission has been tabling in these first 100 days are based on extensive dialogue with civil society businesses, experts and the policy makers. As you as a co-legislator, as Members of the European Parliament, you play a very crucial role here in ensuring that our agenda also reaches our citizens and companies on time, showing also certainty and determination in a very increasingly unstable world. So we need also your support to fast track our proposals where possible, in particular when it comes to simplification and burden reduction of our businesses and SMEs. So if we want to create a new momentum for European safety and European prosperity, we all need to work very hard in the same direction and also we have to work together.

Madam President, honourable Members, Council Presidency, this is a watershed moment for Europe. We face a clear and present danger. We must be able to protect ourselves and to defend ourselves, just as we have to put Ukraine in a position to protect itself and to push for lasting and just peace. That is why last week President von der Leyen presented the ReArm Europe Plan to mobilise up to EUR 800 billion for defence investment. The plan will give Member States fiscal space to invest in defence. They will have the possibility to invest in the Ukrainian defence industry or to procure military capabilities that go right away to Ukraine. The plan is to the benefit of rearming the European Union, but also arming Ukraine in its fight for its sovereignty and territorial integrity. With the Heads of State and Government's endorsement of this package at the European Council last Thursday, we will now move full steam ahead. In today's ever more dangerous world, it's time to build a true European Defence Union. This starts with the swift adoption of proposals already on the table, including the European defence industry programme, as a priority. We need to invest better together and European. We must strengthen our defence production capacities. We must break silos between civil and military research and innovations, and leverage the transformative nature of deep tech to level up our defence readiness. The white paper on the future of European defence that we will present next week will propose concrete ways forward on this. We are also improving the resilience of our societies overall to be able to respond to all types of threats. On cybersecurity, we have presented the cybersecurity blueprint to enhance cyber crisis coordination, as well as measures to improve cybersecurity of hospitals and healthcare providers. We have also taken strong actions to enhance security of our submarine cables, and we have taken measures to help Member States to counter the weaponisation of migration. Europe's security will always be our priority. Our security also depends on our ability to compete, innovate and produce. That is why, in our first 100 days, our main priority has been to boost European competitiveness. We have listened with great attention to the concerns of our industry and workers. Under the umbrella of our Competitiveness Compass, we have aimed to close the innovation gap to China and US to ensure our industry's decarbonisation and competitiveness and to reinforce our economic security. Last month, we adopted the Clean Industrial Deal, a bold business plan to support pioneering cleantech and accelerate decarbonisation. We also presented the affordable energy action plan, aimed at lowering energy bills for industries, businesses and households. We have launched an action plan to drive innovation, sustainability and competitiveness in the European automotive sector based on the strategic dialogue. A similar process has been also been starting on the steel sector. And because industry requires a skilled workforce to prosper, we tabled a Union of Skills, which will improve both competitiveness and also social fairness. Access to capital is also vital for our companies to succeed and scale up. Next week we will present the European Savings and Investment Union to fix underperforming capital markets and unleash investment flows. This will not only serve competitiveness and innovation in Europe, but also investments in our security and defence. Since taking office, we have been working to safeguard our economic security and adapt to harsher global competition, with the groundbreaking partnership agreement with Mercosur in December, the one with Switzerland before Christmas, our Mexico trade deal, the launch of negotiations with Malaysia, and also our colleagues' visit to India to cement our much valued partnership. Following up President von der Leyen's announcement of the InvestAI initiative, we will next month deliver an AI continent action plan to carry forward the European approach to AI. In parallel, our work continues on other major initiatives such as a start-up and scale-up strategy, the 28th regime, the data union, quantum strategy and preparedness union. Competitiveness will be also at the heart of the future multiannual financial framework. Honourable Members, reducing regulatory burden is also vital to Europe's competitiveness. We need to make things easier for our companies. With our first Omnibus proposal presented in February, we have cut reporting obligations to save over EUR 6 billion every year from European companies. Our second Omnibus proposal will increase the investment capacity of InvestEU by around EUR 50 billion and reduce reporting obligations and costs for implementing partners and financial beneficiaries by an estimated EUR 350 million. And more simplification is on the way. A total 37 evaluations and fitness checks planned for this year will contribute to stress testing our EU acquis to identify and also eliminate overlaps, contradictions and obsolete provisions. A European business wallet will also ease administrative compliance for businesses. Additional Omnibuses will target red tape and administrative burden on other areas. It's also crucial to underline here that our climate and social goals do not change. The simplifications we are proposing will have a huge positive impact for EU businesses, especially our SMEs, without undermining our sustainability objectives. Honourable Members, this Commission is fully committed to upholding the unique quality of life of Europeans, as well as the values that make us who we are. The Migration and Asylum Pact was a major step forward. We put solidarity and responsibility at the heart of our common response. Now we are focusing on its implementation and on supporting Member States in making it a reality on the ground. We are also delivering to modernise our rules on returns. Yesterday's proposal is the missing piece of the puzzle for the pact. Honourable Members, Madam President, together we can deliver these first 100 days proposals to serve all Europeans.

Madam President, honourable Members, I think it was very good to listen to this discussion and see how united the Members of Parliament were on this issue because I think it is very important that we are united and we are defending our European competitiveness together here. We should now convey the same message to the USA, regardless of Member State, because it is very important that we are all defending our single market, but also we have to find new approaches to cooperate in a constructive way with our strategic allies like we have seen. Many of you were underlining the importance of building up our own capacities when it when it comes to chips and I fully agree with you. You know that we have also defined semiconductors as one of our critical areas where we have to also do better in the future. We have set a target that in 2030, we should produce 20 % of semiconductors in the European Union, and I have to say that we are not there yet, so more actions are needed. We have the European Chips Act and in the first year it was already very successful, I would say, because it was mobilising investments of more than EUR 80 billion to our semiconductors. It is a framework to boost technological capabilities and European manufacturing. We also have the Chips Fund for start-ups and SMEs, and for research we also have the Chips Joint Undertaking, but more actions are needed in this area. I said that we are preparing a review of the Chips Act by September 2026, but of course it does not mean that here, in the meantime, we are doing nothing because we have currently already the Chips Act, which it's not very old legislation and we are all the time working with it because more actions are needed to really boost investments and innovations in this area. Because I see, as many of you also mentioned, that when we want to be competitive in the future, and especially when we want to invest in AI and quantum computing semiconductors, it's very much a precondition for everything else. So that is very much the area where we really need urgent actions and we are all the time taking them. But thank you very much for all your support, because I see also that this is an important priority when it comes to our technologies and competitiveness.

Madam President, Chair of the ITRE Committee, honourable Members, thank you for this very timely question on the US export restrictions on AI chips. This issue is of great concern for the Commission. The restrictions limit European access to the latest AI chips and also AI models. The EU is strategically positioned to advance and develop safe and secure and also trustworthy AI applications and systems. So it is our legitimate interest to develop such applications to benefit our citizens, society and also the economy at large. But it's also in the US's economic and security interests that the EU buys advanced AI chips from USA. We are still evaluating the impact of the US's measures. We see potential risks that these measures pose to our single market. There are risks to the free movement of goods – AI chips – and there are risks also to cross-border provision of AI-enabled services. So we will use all diplomatic means to request that the US would treat the EU in a non-discriminatory way. I believe that lifting the restrictions would benefit both EU and USA. The EU is the best customer of the US for tech exports and we want to buy more US advanced semiconductors. Lifting the restrictions would also serve the Trump administration's goal to reduce US trade deficit with goods with the EU. And furthermore, EU Member States are security allies of the US, not posing any threats. It would be counterproductive from the US to reduce many EU Member States' choice of chips vendors to less secure producers. So we cannot yet fully predict the impact of the measures of AI factories. Now we are monitoring potential mid- to long-term implications for high-performance computing, AI, and also to cloud computing, especially on AI gigafactories and also data centres that rely on advanced AI chips. Overall, the restrictions would lead to a two-speed Europe when it comes to AI services and we cannot accept this. Semiconductors are critical technology for our digital transition, also for our competitiveness and for our strategic vision on AI continent. As set out in the Competitiveness Compass, we are seeking true independent sources of high-end technologies for Europe. We should not be dependent on non-EU licensing schemes, export bans or restrictions. We are already working very hard towards these goals. With the Chips Act, we have a framework to boost technological capabilities and also European manufacturing. Through the Chips Fund, we are providing financial support with equity and grants to startups and also for SMEs developing chips for AI. And under the Chips Joint Undertaking, we have many thematic calls for research and development projects in semiconductor AI technologies. In the context of the Joint Economic Forum for Important Projects of Common European Interest, we are also exploring the possibility to support the development of AI chips. The European High Performance Computing Joint Undertaking will also launch the DARE Framework Programme Agreement, which will develop a full, high-performance computing ecosystem based on an open hardware technology for AI chips. We will also review the Chips Act by September 2026. That will be an opportunity to assess the act and also identify areas for further action. So we are fully committed to fostering excellence on AI research and innovation across the European Union. We have already taken concrete steps. Now we have invested over EUR 100 million to strengthen the networks of excellence on AI and with the 'apply AI' strategy, we will develop world-class AI models and foster the integration of AI technologies into more strategic sectors. The aim is to unlock the potential of innovation and also to enable also European companies to be global frontrunners. Just today, in Paris, in AI summit, President von der Leyen also launched 'invest AI', an initiative to mobilise EUR 200 billion for investments in AI, including a new European fund of EUR 20 billion for AI gigafactories.

Mr President, first, thank you for this debate. And thank you for all the support for our very strong and coordinated actions we are making. Keeping Europe safe is my priority during this mandate. Much has been done, but much more is needed, as we know. You can count on the Commission to ensure that this will happen. We will together defeat Putin's war of aggression and hostile actors sabotaging our security. We will remain vigilant. We will build our own resilience and strengthen our ability to hold those behind attacks accountable for their actions. We stand ready to respond fast and decisively to all these threats.

Mr President, honourable Members, in recent months we have seen a series of further incidents affecting sub-sea critical infrastructure. The latest was on Christmas Day and resulted in damage to an undersea power transmission cable between Finland and Estonia and four undersea data cables. First of all let me commend the swift action taken by Finland and Estonia, as well as their transparency in sharing information with the Commission and the Member States. We strongly condemn any deliberate destruction of Europe's critical infrastructure, including damage to energy infrastructure and undersea cables. These events demonstrate the vulnerability of the critical infrastructure which we rely on for carrying data, gas and electricity. This must be seen against a backdrop of geopolitical tension and Russia's hybrid attacks against the EU. The damage of one single cable may not necessarily have a big impact on our telecommunications. However, systemic disruption may cause severe consequences for the affected regions and also the Union as a whole. Such damage could also entail significant risks for the environment and maritime safety in Europe. We can best respond to these challenges if we act together, combining civil and military responses. The joint statement of the Baltic Sea NATO Allies Summit of 14 January shows the value of cooperation in tackling hybrid threats. Together we are stronger. Against this background, we must prepare for the worst‑case scenario and take a whole‑of‑government approach to deal with actors who are prepared to use an array of tools while trying to destabilise democratic societies. Let me explain how the EU Commission is working on three fronts. We are improving coordination, we are enhancing governance and we are also increasing funding. On coordination, the legal instruments we need when it comes to prevention and preparedness are already in place. The directive on the resilience of critical entities – the so-called CER Directive – and the directive on a high level of cybersecurity across the Union – the so-called NIS 2 Directive – entered into application in October 2024. These two sister directives are the basis for coordination and preparedness against threats and disruption. The CER Directive improves the physical security and resilience of critical entities. The NIS 2 Directive improves the overall cybersecurity and digital resilience of critical infrastructure from cyber-, physical and environmental threats. This means that the providers of digital and critical infrastructure must also ensure protection against unauthorised physical access, damage, sabotage and interference. The necessary rules are in place, but we need more efforts on transportation. We continue to support Member States and call on them to transpose both directives as soon as possible. Last week we also published the Cyber Solidarity Act. It provides coordinated digital preparedness testing in highly critical sectors, including digital infrastructure and – also related – cables. The Act also creates the EU Cybersecurity Reserve, which can respond to significant or large‑scale cybersecurity incidents. Following the explosions along the Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline, the Council recommendation on critical infrastructure resilience addressed preparedness, response and international cooperation, with concrete measures. Member States have also conducted voluntary stress tests of critical infrastructure in the energy sector to identify vulnerabilities, and these pilot initiatives should be expanded to further sectors. The Commission is also working with Member States and ENISA under the recommendation from February 2024 on secure and resilient submarine cable infrastructures to perform a mapping of cables and assess related risks, develop a cable‑security toolbox of mitigating measures, and also draw up a list of cable projects of European interest. These measures all focus on prevention and preparedness, yet we also need to hold actors accountable for sabotage and other attacks. For this, our coordinated action using sanctions is worth mentioning. In December 2024, the Council adopted its 15th sanctions package against Russia, focusing, among other aspects, on the shadow fleet. As part of these sanctions, 52 additional vessels were added to the list of those banned from accessing ports and from receiving a wide range of maritime transport services. Second, on governance, in the EU we are lacking a common governance of cable technologies and cable‑laying services to ensure rapid and secure repair and maintenance of cables. We need to work in concert with NATO, which is a key actor when it comes to deterrence in the high seas. At the recent summit of Baltic Sea nations' governments, the Commission and NATO outlined concrete and very coordinated action to address the challenges in cable resilience, protection and repair. We welcome the actions launched by the NATO allies, such as new patrol and surveillance operations, to protect critical infrastructure in the Baltic Sea. The European Commission is ready to do more and better in our prevention, early detection, as well as response and recovery capabilities. We are currently working on identifying concrete actions and steps to be taken – and some more structurally – to improve the resilience and security of the undersea cables. And third, on funding, this includes our already substantial investments in the security and resilience of submarine cables through the Connecting Europe Facility digital programme, including in the Baltic Sea, where we are currently financing eight projects. In addition, there is more than EUR 5 million earmarked for connectivity infrastructure in the CEF digital work programme in the coming years. The first call is ongoing. Furthermore, under the CEF, we are supporting the deployment of smart cable systems that can be used to monitor nearby activities and anticipate threats and vulnerabilities, acting as an early‑warning system. We are also looking into how to further reinforce our ability to deploy and repair cables so that we are equipped with the necessary fleet able to rapidly intervene in all EU regions. Keeping Europe safe is my priority, including safeguarding our critical infrastructure on sea, on land and in space. Now I'm looking forward to hearing your views, so thank you for your attention.

Madam President, honourable Members, thank you for this very lively debate and your very valuable contributions. This Commission and me personally are fully committed to promoting and protecting democracy across the EU. The DSA has given the Commission now the tool needed for a high level of responsibility by providers of online platforms, combined with very robust oversight. I will continue applying this critical tool, together with the national Digital Services Coordinators, in an effective and accountable way. In this context I vow to advance with and accelerate the cases under the DSA and, while respecting due process, come to conclusions as early as legally possible, with solid evidence in the open proceedings. It's very clear that everybody doing business in Europe or providing services in the EU has to respect our rules, which are very balanced and fair: the same rules for European companies and for those who are coming from the third countries. This DSA is also balancing freedom and responsibility. For example, when it's coming to content moderation – that was mentioned many times here – in the European Union, the reasons for the content moderation by developers are registered in a public database in Europe, and annual reports must also be published on their content moderation practices. So we have a great level of transparency here also when it comes to content moderation, and for these reasons, so the reasons are published. The users must also have the possibility to opt out of being profiled for their recommender system, giving users the option of alternative social media feeds. So transparency is a vital precondition for accountability in democracy, as we know. The Commission will present an ambitious approach in the Democracy Shield, with a comprehensive, all‑of‑society approach to face the multiple threats to our democracy. So I look forward to continuing this exchange with you.